Another Tragedy Mocks Progress

Seven hapless souls perished in the sea,
Mocking the much trumpeted development story.

Another tragedy struck off the Italian coast. And 7 Bangladeshis froze to death in that tragedy. 280 illegal immigrants including 7 Bangladeshis tried to cross the Mediterranean by boat to reach their dream destination, Europe. In the middle of that fateful journey, 3 perished because of extreme cold while 4 more later died in hospital after they had been rescued by Italian coast guard¹.

The tragedy took place at a moment when government is boasting its economic indicators. This tragedy belies the much trumpeted success stories. Meanwhile, Henley And Partners two weeks ago in its passport index raised the rank of Bangladesh passport by 5 notches. This tragedy laid bare the ground reality and ridiculed the improvement made in passport ranking.

Perilous boat ride by Bangladeshis in the Mediterranean has been going on for a long time. I penned several pieces on this. Unfortunately little progress has been made and govt did little to stem the flow. Last year,a boat capsize off the Tunisian coast killed 17 Bangladeshis¹.

Tragedies after tragedies struck on foreign shores,but we seldom see local culprits are brought to book and justice is delivered to victims. There were reports of detaining few lower rank criminals ,but hardly any big criminal or public official was sentenced.Meanwhile, foreign governments were quick to take actions in such crimes. Recently, A US court sentenced a Bangladeshi-American to several years of imprisonment after he had been found running a human trafficking network in the Mexico-American border².A Kuwaiti court sentenced a Bangladeshi MP and some high-level Kuwaiti officials to 7-year of imprisonment in similar charges. After the MP had been found guilty, Bangladeshi Parliament revoked his position³. Long ago a Thai Court sentenced a General to 14-year of imprisonment after he had taken party in human trafficking operations through Thai-Malaysian jungles. Many unknown mass graves of hapless migrants were found there. Even then no high-profile Bangladeshi public official was tried by the government back then. This is the keenness and commitment shown by Bangladesh in human trafficking incidents.

Back in the 70s Bangladeshis went to Libya to build road network, apartment complex and utility network. Now 40 years later, they flocked to Libyan shores to take a risky boat ride to reach the Italian coast and made news items on foreign press. Recurrence of such tragedies exposes the flaws in our development story and seriously calls into question strength of our economy.

Notes And References:

1 “Bhumodhosagore Thandae Jomey Pran Gelo 7 Bangladeshir(7 Bangladeshis Froze To Death in The Mediterranean)”(Page-1),Daily Prothom Alo,January 26,2022

2 “US Jails Bangladeshi Man For Human Trafficking Charges”,bdnews24.com,October 01,2021. For more read https://m.bdnews24.com/en/detail/bangladesh/1846532

3 “Kuwaiti Court Jails Ex-Bangladeshi MP To 7 Years For Human Trafficking “,Ramadan Al Sherbini,Gulf News,November 28,2021. For more read https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/kuwait/kuwaiti-court-jails-ex-bangladeshi-mp-to-7-years-for-human-trafficking-1.84019786

La Semaine Dernière A Mes Yeux

(21 janvier --- 28 janvier)

Selon un reportage,7 Bangladais sont morts de froid quand ils avaient tenté de traverser la Méditerranée.

Selon un reportage, Transparency International a placé Bangladesh 147ème parmi 180 pays dans son indice de corruption pour 2021.

Selon un reportage, 9 zèbres sont morts mystérieusement dans un parc de Bangladesh.

Another Platform To Plunder?

Another platform to ensure ease in credit access
Reminds one the scams from e-commerce mess.

I have taken particular interest on two news reports last week.

One was on troubled e-commerce platform, evaly,which created consternation after it had failed to meet client’s demand by running a fraudulent business model. Evaly scam shocked the nation and the whole e-commerce industry came under scanner.Many clients await for refund . Recently, High Court has instructed the Management Board to use frozen bank accounts of CEO of evaly to meet operational expenses of the company. In addition, it ordered to sell vehicles under evaly's possession. High Court had earlier given a stay order not to sell evaly's seized property. The revised decision came during an appeal hearing¹.

Another news report divulged that Bangladesh Bank awarded third party to operate a platform that would disburse credit to micro,small and medium entrepreneurs after securing purchase guarantee from a customer². The initiative appears to be a novel one. However, if we take a look at earlier incidents there is little room for optimism that it will bring some positive change.

In the recent e-commerce scam, 41 cases had been filed against 15 platforms. Police is still in the dark about the amount of money stuck in such platforms³.

When evaly first started its journey it did not disclose details about it. Likewise, we know little about the new platform floated by the Bangladesh Bank.Whatever the intention of the platform is, such silence raises suspicion.

Prior to 2009,there was a practice in the corporate world to publish details about the corporation including audit reports. Site maps included a lot of information about the corporation.That practice in the course of time withered away. Less transparent manner in doing business only gives rise to fraudulent practices.

Highest number of cases filed (10) against e-orange,where an inspector have stakes. This gives an indication how corrupt practices even reached the law-enforcement agencies. The inspector was detained in India while trying to reach Nepal.

RAB,the agency that detained evaly owners,even requested the troubled evaly to sponsor the film “Operation Sunderbans” amid central bank's investigation of the platform.

The point is a criminalized law-enforcement system cannot guarantee transparent and clean business environment.

While addressing a gathering of police officers, even IGP called his colleagues not to fall for lures of dazzling discounts offered by e-commerce platforms.

The evaly incident revealed many suspicious transactions: order of truckload of soybean oil,multiple accounts of one client etc. Even many victims protested arrest of owners of evaly!

As the news reports keep telling to disburse the fund among victims, many argued that victims of MLM companies like Destiny,Jubok etc have not received yet their money. What a logic!Even minister of Commerce and minister of Finance locked in such arguments.

This kind of retributive behavior is pretty prevalent during the cultural revolution or in the nomadic societies in the Middle East.I wonder how the government is going to implement digital Bangladesh in this society.

Despite all the guarantees and safety clauses,one cannot rule out that the customers in connivance with sellers may act to legitimize undocumented wealth using Bangladesh Bank’s novel initiative. The less transparent environment in business only raises likelihood of it.

Notes And References:

1 “Evaly'r Gari Bikrir Onumoti Pelo Porshod(Management Board Got Permission To Sell evaly Cars)”,Daily Prothom Alo,January 17,2022.

2 “MSME Ke Orthayone Bishesh Platform(Special Platform To Finance MSME)”,Daily Prothom Alo,January 19,2022.

3 “Todonto Gotiheen,Grahokera Hotash(No Pace In Investigation, Customers Are Frustrated) “,Daily Prothom Alo,January 19,2022.

La Semaine Dernière A Mes Yeux

(14 janvier ---- 21 janvier)

Selon un reportage,police a appréhendé frère de dirigeant de l'ARSA depuis Chittagong.

Selon un reportage, une ancienne vedette du cinéma bengali a été brutalement tuée par son mari.

Selon un reportage, police a appréhendé un Turc pour avoir volé des GABs en falsifiant carte bleue à Dacca.

Selon un reportage, la troisième vague de Corona est devenue pire. Le cas de détection a franchi le seuil de 10.000 par jour.

La Semaine Dernière A Mes Yeux

(07 janvier---14 janvier)

Selon un reportage, accident dans la rue a tué 6284 dont 803 étudiants dans un an.Il y a une augmentation de 13%.

Selon un reportage, incendie a ravagé 1200 toits de chaume et a fait 30000 Rohingyas sans-abris dans un camp à Cox's Bazar.

Selon un reportage, le gouvernement a réintroduit mesures sanitaires à travers du pays puisque Omicron propageait rapidement au Bangladesh. 3500 personnes ont été détectées le jeudi.

Omicron Restrictions And Some Concerns

Omicron casts shadow over life and business,
Causing worries without any guess.
Ineffective social security programs and packages
Demand new way to manage the damages.

As the daily detection rate from Omicron reaches the worrying level, government has reintroduced sanitary restrictions. Just on Thursday, govt confirmed 3500 cases of Omicron(12%). And the number continues to swell. The number of people vaccinated(less than one-third) is still low compared to total population¹. Among others, the restrictions include 1 passenger per seat in public transport , musk-wearing and must vaccination certificate for eating at restaurant. However,main opposition views the restrictions as a tool to contain their movement for freeing chief of the opposition party detained under trumped-up charges. There is some truth in accusation.

But it is the economic concerns of the COVID related restrictions that cause most worry. Platform of businessmen held a press conference and urged govt not to impose lockdown. Lockdown seriously hampers economic activity and businesses are yet to recuperate earlier losses.

Moreover, there has been call from various quarters for widening the social safety net. But misuse of social security programs and incentive packages left a serious blot in government reputation.

Back in August 08,last year I penned a piece titled “Flawed Incentive Programs”²,highlighting irregularities reported in the press on government backed programs. Sharing bits of it again:

… series of reports laid bare flaws and inefficiencies attached to social security programs and incentive packages designed to assuage Corona-battered business community. Built-in corruption in management and disbursement of funds of the programs, as exposed by the news reports, once again undermines people’s trust on government at a moment when it badly needed their support to mobilize resources on measures to restore COVID-hit economy.

A news report divulged that Ministry of Social Welfare detected some 87,000 fake beneficiaries who swallowed benefits under social security programs³. The matter surfaced when the ministry is implementing digitization of accounts of beneficiaries. So far 7.6 million accounts have been digitized and 2 millions await to join the list.

Another program designed to augment income-earning opportunities for the poor has come under criticism after a government report found irregularities. The 12-year-long "Amar Bari ,Amar Khamar( My Home,My Farm)" benefited 5.7 million people,but 1 million beneficiaries were identified as affluent, not eligible for such program⁴.Department of implement ation,monitoring and evaluation of Ministry of Planning in its report found that 1 million ,17% of the total beneficiaries, fake beneficiaries took interest-free credit reserved for the poor under the “Amar Bari,Amar Khamar” Project(2009-2021) ,costing TK 78.85 billion of taxpayer’s money. Some swindled the credit for 12 years.

Not only social security programs, irregularities can be traced even in Corona incentive packages for businessmen. Government allotted credit of Tk 300 billion for big businesses and credit of Tk 150 billion for SMEs at subsidized rate of interest. According to a news report, many businessmen misused the credit by repaying old debts,investing in share market and purchasing flat⁵.It derailed the objectives, propelling economic activities, the credit package initially conceived of. Instead of bringing the pace in manufacturing, retail and SME activities, misuse of the fund makes it unlikely to avail more soft credit in the future. So cash-strapped SMEs will face further problems to manage working capitals for their businesses.

Earlier 22000 fake freedom fighters had been detected in freedom fighter allowance program. Facing a barrage of criticism, government hardened the procedures for identifying the true freedom fighters and discarded the fake ones from the list.

Even corruption mars "home for the homeless" project,which is being implemented by Prime Minister’s Office. Use of substandard materials, project site on flood-prone land and bribery called into question the objective of the whole project.Even PM' s office has started probe in 36 upazilas⁶.

My own survey on rickshawpullers for my site reveals that only a minority of the true target population receives the social security programs. I interviewed 43 rickshawpullers and only three subscribed to any of these programs. And all of them were relatives of local representatives who are responsible for running the operations of social security programs at grass root level⁷.

The revelations expose inefficient management of public funds and waste of taxpayer’s money. This will further hold back widening of social security programs and implementation of post-COVID efforts.

One thing is apparent that most of the scams in social security programs got exposed while digitizing the database. If mobile operators and mobile financial service providers are able to sell SIM and open accounts with biometric verification why can the government not go for this step to identify the beneficiary population?Bangladesh runs an array of social security programs from allowance for senior citizens to allowance for freedom fighters.These programs cost Tk 641.76 billion in 2018-19(Source: Bangladesh Economic Review 2019) and in 2021 rose to Tk 955.74 billion³. Even tiny scam could wipe out thousands of crores of taxpayer’s money. Seldom heard or reported in the press about the fact that other government agencies had given prior information about murky affairs or shoddy dealings in various programs run by ministries. This fund may fall in wrong hands and may be used to stir trouble at home or abroad or weaken democracy and democratic institutions. So there is no reason to take wasting of taxpayer’s money slightly.

Recently IMF in a report raised concerns as it observed the real forex reserve of Bangladesh Bank should be $39 billion instead of claimed $46 billion. IMF noticed that $7 billion of the reserve used to finance infrastructure projects,to lend local banks ($6.83 billion) to ease dollar demand and to lend abroad⁸. However, such deductions(spending on non-forex assets) did not reflect on forex reserve. Now only time will tell whether the ailing banks will be able to pay back the money to Bangladesh Bank.

The cry for fresh incentives and social security programs is louder. Without making proper scrutiny of the fate of earlier funds,it would be a mistake to announce fresh packages and credits. The best way to disburse packages is through microcredit agencies as this could thwart away potential default ers or frauds. For administering such packages,respective agency would receive a fee and would charge special or no interest rate. For instance, an agency may receive Tk 5 for managing a credit of Tk 100. Government will lend Tk 100 to microcredit agency and the agency will lend Tk 95 at 0% to people. If soft interest rate is charged then govt's contribution to agency will be lower. In case of any default or calamity, govt may offer further credit.Leakages and losses will be much more lower than the traditional disbursement of social security programs/incentive packages.

And I wrap up with the concluding remarks of the August piece:

Ensuring accountability of all government organizations is the key to plug the holes in leakages of management of public fund and resources. If this continues without any checks, people’s trust on government and government institutions will erode and their support on undemocratic forces may rise. Just throwing the money in gutters in the name of ineffective social security and corona incentives only swell the pockets of a certain quarter who excel the art of misappropriating public funds and those who have evil intentions to cause trouble at home and abroad. Amending the laws to hold all the quarters accountable to constitutional bodies is the first step to stem corrupt practices.

Notes And References:

1.“Omicron: Spreading fast,Restrictions Begin From Today”,BBC Bangla,January 13,2022,Link here

2. “Flawed Incentive Programs”,Rezaul Hoque, https://hoquestake.blogspot.com, August 08,2021,Link here

3.”87000 Bhatabhogir Khonj Nei(No Trace of 87000 Beneficiaries)”, Najnin Akhter,Daily Prothom Alo, July 26,2021.

4. “Gorib Sajlen 10 Lakh Sochchhol(1 Million Affluent People Played Poor)”,Arifur Rahman,Daily Prothom Alo,August 02,2021.

5. “Pronodonar Taka Noy Chhoy(Misuse of Incentive Money)”, Daily Prothom Alo,July 26,2021.

6.“Ashrayan-2 Project Scam: 36 Upazilas Under Scanner”,Ali Asif Shawon, Dhaka Tribune,July 06,2021.

7. “Live Stock”,Rezaul Hoque,https://hoquestake.blogspot.com/2020/01/live-stock.html?m=1,January 11,2020.

8.“Forex Reserves Overstated By $7.2 Billion: IMF”,Jebun Nesa Alo, Business Standard, October 23,2022,Link here

La Semaine Dernière A Mes Yeux

(31 décembre --- 07 janvier)

Selon un reportage, 87 personnes ont été tuées dans élection rurale. Véhicule de police a été détruite à Jamalganj.

Selon un reportage, femme d'un ancien ministre a déposé plainte de torture contre lui.

Selon un reportage, 9238 plaintes de pollution de son ont été enregistrées en 2021.

An Interview And Power Of Pacifism

Passive resistance and power of pacifism
Make strong Bangladesh and end jingoism.

A Bangladeshi daily recently took an interview of head of Arakan Army,a group fighting for independence in Rakhine State of Myanmar. Key takeaways of that interview are: Arakan Army signed a ceasefire agreement with Tatmadaw,it maintains a 30000-strong army, it recognizes Rohingyas as “Muslims of Rakhine State”,it wants to play role in resolving the Rohingya crisis and awaits Bangladesh response,situation in Rakhine State is not conducive for Rohingya repatriation,its parallel administration in Rakhine State employs local Muslims, armed Muslim cadre of Arakan Army recently defected and joined ARSA, and Bangladesh does not like its activity in Bangladeshi side and it honors Bangladesh’s stance¹.

The interview was published at a time when UN rapporteur on human rights situation in Myanmar in a press conference claimed that UN has information on ARSA activities inside the Rohingya camps of Bangladesh². Prior to that a Rohingya leader was shot dead by assailants believed to be ARSA cadres. Slain leader Muhibullah played crucial role in mobilizing Rohingyas to raise their demand for trying Myanmar Army for the brutality against Rohingya.

Despite the relative calm in the Rakhine State due to the ceasefire agreement,clashes erupted in neighboring Chin State and other parts of Myanmar.

Bangladesh so far did the right thing to keep itself aloof from the internal turbulence of Myanmar. However, in the past, Bangladeshi authority detained several separatists from CHT and ceased and destroyed many poppy and cannabis fields whose ownership remained mystery though publicly it was claimed that those were operated by separatist groups of both the countries. CHT has a heavy presence of armed forces personnel.

Invasion of methamphetamine at ease also questions willingness of its security establishment to contain the problem. The problem is so grave that killing of a retired Army officer by a Police officer almost created rift between the govt and the Army. And extrajudicial killing of a counselor in Cox's Bazaar resulted in imposition of sanction against key personnel of RAB and Police.

Despite being a suspect, Tatmadaw did far more better job in nabbing drug kingpins. Tatmadaw cooperated with international press to unearth the drug operations inside its territory. Such effort helped international authority to arrest a drug lord in Europe,known as “El Chapo of Asia”³.Meanwhile, Bangladesh authority always throws cold water to any such initiative and even put up hurdles in doing report by international press. Even it remained silent to Tatmadaw’s accusations of infiltrating drug-making ingredients inside Myanmar. Tatmadaw was just echoing an UNODC report that shared some chilling findings on drug trade in this region. According to UNODC report, size of methamphetamine market in Bangladesh is $5.5 billion⁴. Without endorsement of security establishment, such trade cannot continue unabated. In addition, such illicit trade is key to sustain insurgent groups and cadre-based political parties which are aplenty in this part of the world.

Many army-backed group in the past found involved in accumulating wealth abroad and investment in troubled region of Bangladesh. Sikder Group created a storm in the tea cup by purchasing land from Sena Kalyan Sangstha in Bandarban,few kilometers away from Myanmar border, in a bid to set up a five-star hotel. Indigenous Mro people protested the purchase arguing the land belonged to them and it threatened their livelihood⁵. The group has investments in Thailand and Caribbean Islands⁶. Earlier, Singapore authority froze an account of $1 billion belonged to an individual from Bangladesh⁷. News report of local daily revealed that it belongs to a Bangladeshi politician who was hanged by Bangladesh for war crimes. He was advisor of parliamentary affairs to former Prime Minister and his family owns QC shipping line and private container depot among other ventures. It was unknown how Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury amassed such wealth abroad. List goes on. A Bangladeshi businessman enters the list of billionaires of Singapore⁸. He is brother of a ruling party politician who also headed parliamentary committee on defense. The Summit Group like Quader Chowdhury also operates a cargo container service (riverine), an inland container depot and an LNG terminal.

Despite being a democratic county (non-functioning),we have institutions that have no accountability to people.Such lacking in turn help fostering criminal activities and groups.

Tatmadaw fares well in contrast to our ones.From one of earlier posts,sharing my views on Tatmadaw:

Unlike other regional armies, Tatmadaw has some unique features. It is an organization that was not modeled after the outgoing colonial master's army and that does not hinge on its former colonial master to train its personnel as some of its neighbors do. Home-grown and oriental orientation to training and grooming of future military leaders have its pros and cons. Often in our region we see regional armies have officers whose views and convictions are moulded by the country of origin of their trainers. At various stages, they developed some kind of split loyalty and embarked upon misadventures that froze constitution and took away freedom of expression for several years. This derailment of democracy, often happens through bloody events, crippled institutions that are quintessential to flourish democracy⁹.

Following an impasse in the repatriation process and a World Bank policy framework on refugee management inside Bangladesh, a former Foreign Secretary wrote the following in his column:

They have to fight their own struggles and others can only assist them. No sign is there among them. Are they waiting for angels to send them back to their homeland? No such thing happened to ethnic groups who had been displaced for many reasons.

Following the assumption of power by Myanmar military, NLD and other small parties formed a coalition government. Many ethnic guerrilla groups joined them. But no one recognizes it, even Bangladesh does not recognize it. Bangladesh should not recognize it. But no recognition does not bar one to have contact with such government. Indirect contact could be set up and an understanding should be reached in a bid to resolve the Rohingya crisis. … this government pledged to resolve the Rohingya crisis, no matter how fragile that pledge is,Rohingyas should step forward. Not that every Rohingya will play an armed role,but could play the role of close confident.For the sake of long term interest,Bangladesh needs to play a role to make a close contact between Rohingya and NLD-led coalition government. Small investment could yield better harvest. Nothing guarantees resolving the crisis,but useless it is to miss the chances,be it big or small.¹⁰

Last year in August 15,I penned a piece titled “What’s In A Name?“. Sharing parts of it again:

I think Bangladesh should abstain from entertaining any armed misadventure to put an end to Rohingya crisis. It will not only harm image of Bangladesh,but will also engender our relationship with our neighbors. Pitfalls lie in such ideas could unsettle and undo any short term gains.Look at Pakistan. Despite being one of the victims of terrorism, its built-in image makes it a less trustworthy partner in international community.Its democratic institutions are in tatters as domestic and foreign policies were decided by others ignoring people’s representatives and the Parliament.

Bangladesh should not tread on that path as such steps may hurt our image and may ostracize us in international community. Moreover,we inked a bilateral deal with Myanmar regarding repatriation of the Rohingyas. Any misadventure may put on hold that process and cost us losing the Myanmar Army that has been in charge of running the country for the last six decades and may do so for the next six decades or so. They are the only powerful institution in that country and has considerable leverages on the country and people. Myanmar as a country is a delicate case in the region. China,Thailand and India all house thousands of ethnic Myanmar groups. But never support directly any armed struggles against the Tatmadaw. And the countries maintain good relations and help it militarily¹¹.

From the interview of Arakan Army chief, it has become clear the Rakhine State is not safe for Rohingya repatriation. Frustrations of Bangladeshi policymakers over the issue also worry ordinary citizens as it may lead to choosing a wrong step.

The prolonged nature of the Rohingya crisis makes donor agencies’ suggestion for access to education, setting up business, land purchase and access to credit more tenable. The measures will make them less vulnerable to the lures of evil quarters, will empower them and thereby will reduce the risks coming from the camp-dwelling Rohingyas.

Without any mainstream education and livelihood opportunities, there is a risk that they may fall victims of regimented groups by subscribing to non-mainstream education. It will make the Rohingya management much more difficult. No matter which sides of the border the Rohingyas reside in, educated Rohingyas will be true asset for both the countries.

I think the best way to mitigate the Rohingya crisis is to reach out all levels of civilian and military leadership in Myanmar and allow them to reap the benefits of Bangladesh economy¹¹.

At the end of the day, image of brand Bangladesh matters us a lot than anything else. Pacifism, standing for the just cause,respecting international laws,territorial integrity of others and passive resistance not only help maintaining high moral ground but also make strong brand Bangladesh. Housing millions of stateless people does not weaken Bangladesh. Rather it strengthens its image and influence.

Notes And References:

1 “Amra Rohingyader Nagarik Odhikar Shikar Kori(We Recognize Rohingyas' Right To Citizenship)”,Ashfaq Roni,Shafiqul Alam and Altaf Parvez,Daily Prothom Alo,January, 02,2022

2 “UN Rights Envoy Calls For Global Efforts To Cut Fund Flow For Myanmar Military Junta”,bdnews24.com,December 19,2021 Link here

3 “Tse Che Lop: Alleged Asian Drug Lord Arrested In Amsterdam”,BBC,January 24,2021,Link here

4 “UNODC Report And Meth Market Of Bangladesh “,Rezaul Hoque, https://hoquestake.blogspot.com ,July 25,2019 Link here

5 “Mro People Protest ‘Hill-Land Grabbing' For 5-Star Hotel,Tourist Spot “,Daily Star,November 09,2020,Link here

6 “Las Vegas Soho Boro Boro Shohore Sikdar Group Er Bipul Sompod(Sikder Group Perks Wealth In Las Vegas And Other Cities)”,Daily Prothom Alo,June 09,2020,Link here

7 “Singapore Aat Hajar Koti Taka'r Malik Me?(Who Is The Owner Of $1 Billion In Singapore?) ”,Bangladesh Protidin,November 28,2020,Link here

8 “Summit’s Aziz 34th Richest In Singapore:Forbes",Daily Star,August 16,2018,Link here

9 “Don’t Discard Tatmadaw”,Rezaul Hoque,https://hoquestake.blogspot.com,November 24,2019Link here

10 “Rohingyader Jatigoto Shodhoner Pokkhe Bishwa Bank?(World Bank For Ethnic Cleansing Of The Rohingyas?)”,Towhid Hossain,Daily Prothom Alo,August 12,2021.

11“What’s In A Name?”,Rezaul Hoque,https://hoquestake.blogspot.com,August 15,2021,Link here